The Reverse Wage Gap among Educated White and Black Women*
نویسندگان
چکیده
We find that black female nurses earn 9 percent more at the mean and median than white female nurses, even when controlling for selection into nursing employment, using the 2004 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN). Typically, recent research examining the female black/white wage gap among the general population finds that the gap widens when controlling for selection. Our findings are unique, as nurses have invested at least two years in occupation-specific human capital and thus do not represent the general population. Differences in opportunities for education and marriage between white and black women may explain some of the wage gap. A formal model is not developed; rather groundwork is laid for further research in this area. To provide additional empirical support for these observations, we use the American Community Survey (ACS) to examine another female-dominated occupation that requires investment in human capital, K-12 teaching. Among teachers, black females earn 7 percent more than white females at the median. Looking at the median racial female wage gap by education, the gap favors white women by 7 percent among high school dropouts but favors black women by 8 percent among those with graduate degrees. This pattern of a narrowing racial wage gap as education increases is not seen among men. * We thank Yuliana Sameroynina and Lisa Efuni for their assistance with the data. We also thank seminar participants at the University of Alberta for helpful comments and feedback.
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تاریخ انتشار 2009